The table below considers past national, regional and local elections held on the African continent. For upcoming elections please check our calendar.
Some countries are considered autocratic by the V-Dem/Regimes of the World classification. Therefore, we display V-Dem scores in all our charts to show whether or not democratic standards are likely to be met during a ballot.
2023
| 🇧🇯 Benin | National parliament | 8 January |
| 🇪🇭 Sahrawi Republic | Frente Polisario Congress (Presidential) | 13-22 January |
| 🇹🇳 Tunisia | National parliament (second round) | 29 January |
| 🇪🇹 Ethiopia | Referendum (creation of a “Southwest Ethiopia People’s Regional State”) | 6 February |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 22 February |
| 🇩🇯 Djibouti | National parliament | 24 February |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Presidential National parliament (lower house and upper house) | 25 February |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 8 March |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Regional elections (parliament + governor) | 11 March |
| 🇨🇲 Cameroon | National parliament (upper house) | 13 March |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 22 March |
| 🇧🇼 Botswana | Local by-elections (Bosele, Grootlaagte) | 25 March |
| 🇫🇷 France | National parliament (Abroad voters’ 9th constituency, first round) | 2 April |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 5 April |
| 🇪🇭 Sahrawi Republic | National parliament | 8-9 April |
| 🇬🇲 The Gambia | Local councils | 15 April |
| 🇫🇷 France | National parliament (Abroad voters’ 9th constituency, second round) | 16 April |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 26 April |
| 🇲🇦 Morocco | National parliament by-elections (Safi, Beni Mellal) | 27 April |
| 🇧🇼 Botswana | Local by-election (Mapoka-Nlaphkwane) | 29 April |
| 🇲🇷 Mauritania | National parliament (first round) Regional parliaments Local | 13 May |
| 🇬🇲 The Gambia | Local (mayoral and chairpersons) | 20 May |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 24 May |
| 🇸🇴 Somalia | Puntland regional parliament | 25 May |
| 🇲🇷 Mauritania | National parliament (second round) | 27 May |
| 🇮🇨 Canary Islands (Spain) | Regional parliament Insular Local | 28 May |
| 🇪🇸 Ceuta (Spain) | Regional parliament | 28 May |
| 🇪🇸 Melilla (Spain) | Regional parliament | 28 May |
| 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau | National parliament | 4 June |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 14 June |
| 🇲🇱 Mali | Constitutional referendum | 18 June |
| 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone | Presidential National parliament Local | 24 June |
| 🇧🇼 Botswana | Local by-election (Mmaphula East) | 24 June |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 28 June |
| 🇧🇼 Botswana | Serowe West national parliament by-election | 8 July |
| 🇮🇨 Canary Islands (Spain) | Spanish national parliament (lower house and upper house) | 23 July |
| 🇪🇸 Ceuta (Spain) | Spanish national parliament (lower house and upper house) | 23 July |
| 🇪🇸 Melilla (Spain) | Spanish national parliament (lower + upper house) | 23 July |
| 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe | Presidential National parliament Local | 23 August |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 23 August |
| 🇬🇦 Gabon | Presidential National parliament Local | 26 August |
| 🇸🇿 Eswatini | National parliament election primaries | 26 August |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Local by-elections | 14 September |
| 🇵🇹 Madeira (Portugal) | Regional parliament | 24 September |
| 🇷🇪 Réunion (France) | French national parliament (upper house) | 24 September |
| 🇾🇹 Mayotte (France) | French national parliament (upper house) | 24 September |
| 🇸🇿 Eswatini | National parliament election | 29 September |
| 🇲🇿 Mozambique | Presidential National parliament Local | 24 October |
| 🇱🇷 Liberia | Presidential National parliament | 10 October |
| 🇲🇬 Madagascar | Presidential | 9 November |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Imo regional election (parliament + governor) Kogi regional election (parliament + governor) Bayelsa regional election (parliament + governor) | 11 November |
| 🇪🇬 Egypt | Presidential | 10-12 December |
| 🇨🇩 Democratic Republic of the Congo | Presidential National parliament Regional Local | 20 December |
| 🇹🇳 Tunisia | Local (first round) | 24 December |
2022
| 🇩🇿 Algeria | National parliament (upper house) | 5 February |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Local (Kebbi State) | 5 February |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Local (Federal Capital Territory) | 12 February |
| 🇲🇺 Mauritius | Regional (Rodrigues) | 13 February |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Local (Enugu State) | 23 February |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | National parliament by-elections (Akure N/S, Jos N/Bassa, Ogoja/Yala) | 26 February |
| 🇩🇯 Djibouti | Regional | 11 March |
| 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe | National parliament by-elections | 26 March |
| 🇬🇲 The Gambia | National parliament | 9 April |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Local (Adamawa State) | 9 April |
| 🇷🇪 Réunion (France) | Presidential (first round) | 10 April |
| 🇾🇹 Mayotte (France) | Presidential (first round) | 10 April |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Local (Katsina State) | 11 April |
| 🇸🇴 Somalia | National parliament | 1 October-15 April |
| 🇷🇪 Réunion (France) | Presidential (second round) | 24 April |
| 🇾🇹 Mayotte (France) | Presidential (second round) | 24 April |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Local (Benue State) | 7 May |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | PDP (centre-right) presidential primary | 29 May |
| 🇷🇪 Réunion (France) | National parliament (first round) | 12 June |
| 🇾🇹 Mayotte (France) | National parliament (first round) | 12 June |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Regional governor (Ekiti State) | 18 June |
| 🇷🇪 Réunion (France) | National parliament (second round) | 19 June |
| 🇾🇹 Mayotte (France) | National parliament (second round) | 19 June |
| 🇨🇬 Republic of the Congo | National parliament (first round) | 4-10 July |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Regional governor (Osun State) | 16 July |
| 🇲🇦 Morocco | National parliament by-elections (Meknès, Al Hoceima, Mediouna) | 21 July |
| 🇹🇳 Tunisia | Constitutional referendum | 25 July |
| 🇺🇬 Uganda | National parliament by-election (Soroti East) | 28 July |
| 🇸🇳 Senegal | National parliament | 31 July |
| 🇨🇬 Republic of the Congo | National parliament (second round) | 31 July |
| 🇰🇪 Kenya | Presidential | 9 August |
| 🇺🇬 Uganda | National parliament by-election (Bukimbiri County) | 11 August |
| 🇳🇦 Namibia | Regional parliament by-election (Swakopmund) | 12 August |
| 🇦🇴 Angola | General | 24 August |
| 🇸🇹 São Tomé and Príncipe | National parliament Regional (Príncipe) Local | 25 September |
| 🇲🇦 Morocco | National parliament by-elections (Aïn Chock, Driouch, Safi, Guercif) | 29 September |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | ||
| 🇱🇸 Lesotho | General Local | 7 October |
| 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea | Presidential National parliament (lower + upper house) Local | 20 November |
| 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe | Local by-elections (Binga Rural District, Gweru and Victorial Falls Municipalities) | 3 December |
| 🇹🇳 Tunisia | National parliament (first round) | 17 December |